Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani

 ABDULKHALIQ GIJDUVANI (1103-1179)

Khwaja Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani, the founder of the Khojagon-Naqshbandiya dynasty, famous in the Muslim East, was born in Ghijduvan district of Bukhara region. He received his primary education in Gijduvan, memorized the Holy Qur'an at the age of 9, and from the age of 10 he actively participated in the chanting of dervishes. Then he continues his studies in the famous madrasas of Bukhara. Here, he learned the science of tafsir perfectly from Imam Sadriddin, a mature scholar of his time.

Abdul Khaliq came to Bukhara at the age of 22 and met Khoja Yusuf Hamadani (1048-1140), a dongdar sheikh of that time, and became his disciple. Khojai Khizr becomes his teacher of lessons, while Khoja Yusuf becomes the teacher of conversation and conversation. Until Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani's teacher Khoja Yusuf Hamadani returned to Khurasan, he was in the service of the great master and perfectly mastered the methods of the Khojagan sect (although the Khojagan sect was founded by Khoja Abdulkhalik, its first seeds were planted by Khoja Yusuf). and soon he himself becomes a great scholar of Sufism. According to Alisher Navoi's work "Nasayim ul-Muhabbat": "... their state reached the ground, they used to go to the Kaaba every time for prayer. Their possessions increased and many murids appeared in Sham."

The great service of Khwaja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani in the history of Sufism is not defined only by the fact that he founded a new sect. Through the Khojagan sect, he aligned the sect with the Prophet Muhammad's Sunnah, and cleansed it of various heresies and superstitions. Adherence to the Sharia has made it a fundamental rule not to deviate from it. Rejecting secularism and seclusion, he made it a condition to be with the community. He urged not to leave the world because of the love of God. Luqma defined honesty as the main requirement of the sect - the need for everyone to make a living with his own work. This sect does not approve of excesses in the name of piety. The issue of ethics was decided. All this was important in the development of Sufism. Khojagon-naqshbandiya is based on real life conditions and the available capabilities of a person, which indicates that it is a solid order that meets the needs of all ages and all classes. 

The way of Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani, modeled on the Sharia, free from heresy and defects, has been recognized as a document in the Tariqa and accepted by all groups for centuries, and in Turkestan, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Turkey, Iraq, and even in North Africa. These are the reasons why the widespread Khojagan-Naqshbandiya sect is still active in many countries of the world.

Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani expanded and deepened the teachings of Yusuf Hamadani in every way and developed 8 rashha-rules of the Khojagan sect (According to further research, the first four of these rashhas belong to Yusuf Hamadani): hush dar dam, nazar bar qadam, a journey to the homeland, a meeting to a meeting, a memory, a visit, a memory, a memory.

Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani trained many famous students in the world of Sufism. After his death, the Khwajagon order was continued by Khwaja Arif Revgari (Mohitoban), Khwaja Mahmud Anjir Fagnavi, Khwaja Ali Romitani, Khwaja Muhammad Babayi Samosi, Khwaja Sayyid Mir Kulol Bukhari, Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshband and other famous sheikhs of his time.

Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani was not satisfied with promoting his teachings through his sermons, he also wrote a number of treatises. "Odobi tariqat" ("Etiquette of the Order"), "Risolai sahibiya" ("Treatise of Friendship"), "Az guftori Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani" ("Some words of Khoja Abdulkhaliq Gijduvani"), " The works of Risolai shaykh ush-shuyukh hazrat Yusuf Hamadani ("Treatment of Sheikhs, Hazrat Yusuf Hamadani") are among them.

In addition to his mystical treatises, Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani is also known and famous as the author of beautiful Sufi Rubaiyats. However, the samples of the sheikh-poet's artistic creation have not reached us. 8 of his rubai's were included in the "Rubaiynama" collection published in Tehran in 1994. Khoja's "Testament" contains 4 of his rubai. His 5 Rubaiyats are also given in prose translation in the recently published pamphlet "Gijduvani ilm ahllari semsida". We did not find 2 of them in other sources. We found it necessary to translate these 15 verses and bring them to the attention of our dear readers. These Rubaiyats testify to the high poetic potential of the mature Piri of Tariqat.